Japan, the aleutian islands (part of alaska), and the islands of the south seas were all formed by witch of the following?

a) transform faulting of mountain ranges

b) subduction of the pacific plate at trenches

c) riffs along the edge of the pacific plate

d) collision of two plates at mid-ocean ridges

Option(d)

Japan, the Aleutian Islands (part of Alaska), and the islands of the south seas were all formed by collision of two plates at mid-ocean ridges.  

Explanation:

An island is formed when two oceanic plates collide and due to the difference in density one plate goes below the other, resulting in the coming upwards of some material. SiMa ( iron and magnesium) and mafic rocks forms the oceanic crust.

The earth's inner heat mobilize the inner mantle thus causing a movement of plates.