The imaginary lines that run east and west around the globe are called the parallels of latitude.

True
They are in degrees, 0 degrees being the equator and 90 North being the north pole 90 South being the south pole.
Lines of Longitude run north to south in increments of 15 degrees 

This would be an open primary. a closed primary people can vote only prior to election day if the party if they are registered. independent voters can not participate. there is not a wide-open primary, but there is a semi-open primary.