An experiment has been performed to determine the porosity of an unconsolidated sandpack. distilled water was poured into a graduated cylinder to a height h,. fine sand of average grain size of 150 μm was poured into the cylinder to a height h, to from the sandpack. it was found that the water in the graduated cylinder rose to a height h, after the sand was poured into the cylinder. a) dewe the expresf the sandpack in terms of h, and h, b) given h,-5 cm and h.-8 cm, calculate the numerical value of the sandpack.

Ageologist is working in an area with exposed sedimentary rocks and finds a well exposed sequence of stratified rocks. as he works through a thick sequence of limestone, he sees abundant large clam fossils that produce an interlocking texture suggesting a reef, but within the limestone section these clams disappear and the overlying limestone is made up primarily of fragments of corals. he now moves 50 km away and finds limestones interbedded with shales, and the limestones contain the same clam fossils he had seen previously 50 km away. as he continues through this section, the rocks become entirely limestone, and the clams disappear again with coral fossils above forming a reef structure. he concludes