The woolly mammoth, an ancestor of the modern-day elephant, thrived millions of years ago. (1) when it first appeared, the world was very different than it is today. much of the land was frozen, which is why the mammoth needed its thick, warm coat of shaggy hair. (2) despite the cold, there was a great deal of vegetation, which the huge animals ate abundantly. mammoths were well suited for their environment. their population thrived in many of the coldest places of the world, such as alaska and siberia. around 10,000 years ago, however, something changed dramatically. (3) mammoths began to quickly disappear. today, scientists are unsure of the exact cause of this. "some speculate the climate began to change quickly, interfering with the mammoths' lifestyles and food supply," noted dr. yuri fedorsky, a russian archeologist. "others think a terrible disease might have swept across the population. still others point to the idea that people hunted the animals to extinction." some mammoths lived on isolated islands until about 4,000 years ago; however, they are all extinct today. (4)elephants, their closest ancestor, tend to live in warmer climates because they lack the thick fur of the mammoths. which sentence is not relevant to the paragraph and should be deleted? a) sentence 1 b) sentence 2 c) sentence 3 d) sentence 4

In just over one hundred years, between 1701 and 1810, 252,500 enslaved africans were brought to barbados—an island that occupies only 166 square miles (making it, today, one of the smallest countries in the world). the english then set out to conquer more sugar islands, starting with jamaica, which they took from spain in 1655. in the same period that the 252,500 africans were brought to barbados, 662,400 africans were taken to jamaica. thus, sugar drove more than 900,000 people into slavery, across the atlantic, to barbados and jamaica—and these were just two of the sugar islands. the english were eagerly filling antigua, nevis, saint kitts, and montserrat with slaves and sugar mills. they took over much of dutch guiana for the same reason. seeing the fortunes being made in sugar, the french started their own scramble to turn the half of the island of hispaniola that they controlled (which is now haiti), as well as martinique, guadeloupe, and french guiana (along the south american coast near dutch guiana), into their own sugar colonies, which were filled with hundreds of thousands more african slaves. by 1753, british ships were taking average of 34,250 slaves from africa every year, and by 1768, that number had reached 53,100. –sugar changed the world, marc aronson and marina budhos how do the authors use historical evidence to support their claim? x(a) they use secondary sources to show how french and english monarchs were indifferent to enslaved people. x(b)they use secondary sources to show that enslaved people often fought for their freedom after arriving in the caribbean. the answer is: (c)they use facts from primary sources to show how countries increased the number of enslaved people to produce more sugar. x(d)they use primary source interviews to show that countries could make more money in trading sugar without using enslaved people.