Swift is stating that the landlords have caused their tenants 1) more hardship 2) to have more children 3) to buy property 4) to grow more food

d. the two authors are in awe of nature; their experiences, reveal that time in nature can change people.

explanation:

i think it's either 'to expose the corruption of the communists in russia', or 'to criticize animal brutality by communists in russia.'  

hope this ! : )