Astory’s deeper meaning is called
epiphany
theme
conflict
denouement

A story's deeper meaning is called it's theme.

When you read/watch/hear a story, the underlining message you get from the story is a 'theme' you see, usually represented by some type of symbolism. Some stories even have multiple themes, and themes usually fall into two categories - what the reader 'thinks the story is about,' and it's thematic statement being 'what the /work/ says about the subject.'

Hope this helped :-)

Aclaim that includes a true statement

The answer is "he was bad enough in all conscience, but the devil himself could not temp him to turn slave-trader. satirical is a synonym for sarcastic. so when the author says that tom walker could not be tempted by the devil he does not literally mean "the devil" but he means that he is too morally upright to become a slave-trader.