Which of the following is part of prewriting? a. checking spelling b. writing a thesis statement c. proofreading d. drafting

In which part of this excerpt from the gettysburg address does president abraham lincoln argue that the outcome of the war will depend on the determination and loyalty of northern citizens? four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. we are met on a great battle-field of that war. we have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. it is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. but, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow— this ground. the brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. the world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. it is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. it is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us— that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under god, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

Read the excerpt below and answer the question. there was a moment, in time, and in this place, when my brother, or my mother, or my father, or my sister, had to convey to me, for example, the danger in which i was standing from the white man standing just behind me, and to convey this with a speed, and in a language, that the white man could not possibly understand, and that, indeed, he cannot understand, until today. he cannot afford to understand it. this understanding would reveal to him too much about himself, and smash that mirror before which he has been frozen for so long. this excerpt from "if black english isn't a language, then tell me, what is? " is significant because -select all that apply- hughes imagines himself as a black slave. hughes uses black english to emphasize his argument. hughes uses a historical example to explain the origins of language. hughes explains the significance that black english holds for white people.

Below is the last stanza of a poem, "dover beach," written in 1876 by matthew arnold. ah, love, let us be true to one another! for the world, which seems to lie before us like a land of dreams, so various, so beautiful, so new, hath really neither joy, nor love, nor light, nor certitude, nor peace, nor for pain; and we are here as on a darkling plain swept with confused alarms of struggle and flight, where ignorant armies clash by night. which of these statements best describes the remedy arnold proposes for the world? a. look to your dreams for answers to life's questions. b. our faith in each other can shelter us from deceptive chaos. c. in this deceptive world, ignorance requires faith. d. the world may end, but love conquers all.