The type of narrative that records the thoughts and feelings of the narrator as they occur is called

A journal should be the correct answer.

First Person is when the writer uses I, we,
Second Person is you, yours
Third Person is when the writer uses he, she 
When the narrator uses words like I, you can tell its first person because the narrator records what is happening in the narrator's point of view.
For ex: I thought about what Liana said. The words echoed in my minds over and over making me feel guilty for what I did.
In the example, you can see the narrator's thoughts and feelings.

Not b or c so that leaves you with a or d. a is the better choice.

Transition words are words like first, furthermore, besides, for instance, secondly, as a result using words like those should you write paragraphs showing time. you can start with first and then end with lastly or as a result