Both petroleum and coal are made up of complex carbon-based molecules, and both originated with living creatures of some kind. both are vital sources of energy for the modern world and both were formed by geologic processes over millions of years. however, petroleum was mainly formed from the remains of ocean-dwelling microorganisms. coal, on the other hand, originated from decayed vegetation in ancient swamps and bogs. in any case, it took millions of years for both coal and oil to be produced. this is the case because it took that much time for overlying sediments to produce the unimaginable heat and pressure that would one day allow us to harvest these energy resources. what is one clue word or phrase in the passage that indicates a contrast? a. in any case b. however c. because d. both

Refer to explorations in literature for a complete version of the text. in “letter from birmingham jail,” martin luther king, jr., presents the idea that american history includes african americans, too; that is, african americans can claim the same historical heritage as white americans. at the time, this was a radical idea. how does king develop this theme? select each correct answer. he points out the many ways that african americans have contributed to the culture of america. he describes how african americans were present “before plymouth rock” and through many key moments in american history. he argues that african americans would have participated in more events of american history if white americans had been willing to include them. he makes connections between the american fight for independence from britain and the civil rights movement.