Why were the townshend acts passed?
a. to punish the colonies for the boston tea party
b. to punish the colonies for the boston massacre
c. to raise money for great britain's debts
d. to prevent colonists from protesting against great britain

C. to raise money for the Great Britain's debts

The Townshend Acts is to put duties(pay tax) on paper, link, print, and others.  The tax they collected is to use for protecting their country from French  

As the boys sleep, military airplanes battle fiercely above the island. none of the boys sees the explosions and flashes in the clouds because the twins sam and eric, who were supposed to watch the signal fire, have fallen asleep. during the battle, a parachutist drifts down from the sky onto the island, dead.