4. which statement about fairy tales suggests an indirect cause? a. jack killed the giant because he sold the cow for magic beans. b. hansel and gretel went out into the woods and ended up getting lost. c. cinderella lost her glass slipper on the stairs precisely at midnight. d. sleeping beauty was warned to stay away from needles but did not listen.

- "a nonrestrictive clause functions as a modifier to a noun (that is an object, person or concept). these clauses can be described by the following three options: it is set off by comas, it contains a subject and a verbs and it adds nonessential information to the sentence.

for example, in "here is bill gates, who confounded microsoft software company" we can identify "who confounded microsoft software company" as a nonrestrictive clause modifying the noun bill gates. this clause can be describes as a nonrestrictive clause because it is separated by a comma, it adds nonessential information to identify who bill gates is and it must contain both a subject (who) and a verb (confounded)."

16.) true

17.) true

18.) no information in the text

19.) false

20.) no information in the text