Fill in the blanks with the appropriate modal. 1. cross the road here?
2. ask you a question
3. smoke here?
4. read your magazine?
5. drive without an insurance in 1911?
6. have parties at home when you were living in the old flat?
7. go on that trip in summer if you get good marks, or is your parents refusal

the sentence does not violate the phrase structure second rule (introduced by noam chomsky) because noun phrases consist of a determiner such as a, the or every, and a noun. in the sentence, the noun phrase the cake includes a determiner (the) and a noun (cake).

on the other hand, the first rule indicates that a sentence encloses a noun phrase, followed by a verb phrase. the example sentence can be analysed as follows:

john (n) + ate (v) + the (det) + cake (n).