How does poetic structure reveal meaning in the the crossover

motion can be transfered from one object to another by having an objetct in motion push or hit it

pathos were used a lot by ronald reagan in his speech which means that he used rhetorical strategies in his speech.its an emotion of sympathetic pity or compassion.the controversy of pathos refers to the emotional appeal of the readers or audiences and he uses it to his full potential in the speech of the challenger astronauts.

“today is a day for mourning and remembering. nancy and i are pained to the core by the tragedy of the shuttle challenger. we know we share this pain with all of the people of our country. this is truly a national loss” (reagan).the above should go as an evidence of pathos being used by ronald reagan.

how is the underlined gerund phrase used in the sentence?  

josh's plan, rushing the passer, seemed sound to us.

a.

object of a preposition

b.

direct object

c.

appositive

d.

subject