What error occurs when a sentence is not a complete thought? Hint! One word only.

if you have to come up with one i would do

love: happiness

the answer would be plantations

"urban sprawl, the spreading of large developments of housing and shopping areas around a city’s center, has many negative cultural and environmental effects. " (from your link)

so, your answer is: it has a negative effect on the environment, otherwise known as c~hope this mate.