Which claim has Paine refuted?

Read this excerpt from tim o’brien‘s “ambush” “i had already pulled the pin on a grenade. i had come to a crouch” which literary device is most clearly shown in this excerpt?

Stress generally occurs when someone? a.becomes overconfident b.disregards others c.feels overwhelmed

Read the passage, then use the explanation to infer the meaning of the word predominant. the novel was so popular that it was eventually added to a list of books that every ninth grader had to read. it became the predominant work of literature. what is the most likely definition of the word predominant?