Which component of any language refers to names, ideas, and events that offer a kind of catalogue of what is spoken and can be compiled into something accessible to others?

Lexicon

Explanation:

A language can be defined as a system of spoken words and written symbols through which humans express themselves and communicate with each other. Some examples of language are English, French, German, Portuguese, Greek etc.

Generally, culture and context determine how various individuals interprets language.

Also, context refers to the parts of a word or circumstances in which a word is used and it typically affect its meaning.

Lexicon is the component of any language that comprises of names, ideas, and events that offer a kind of catalogue of what is spoken by a speaker and can be compiled into something accessible to other people (listeners). Thus, it's a vocabulary of language and as such is the collection of words that is peculiar to every speaker of a language.

the answer is five curious-looking beans