Help please! (20 characters long)

Read the sample student claim and the reasons listed for making this claim. claim: although many people argue that medical testing on animals is a violation of animal rights, the benefits it yields for society far outweigh any argument that can be made. reason #1: animal research has yielded both pain-relieving and life-saving drugs for humans. reason #2: laws prohibit scientists from using animal-based research in cases where non-animal testing would produce equally clear and valid results.

Use the dictionary entry for crude to answer the question crude use context clues to choose the sentence that best uses the fourth definition of the word crude. crude ['krüd) adj from latin crudus 1. the quality of being unchanged from the original state 2. the quality of being primitive or uncultured 3. the quality of being obvious 4. the quality of being rough in execution rather than being subtle, selma was rather crude in the way she conducted herself at the meeting. elijah and his brother quickly built a crude shelter that would keep them warm and dry through the night. thelma's knowledge of art and poetry showed the rest of the diners that she was far from crude. there was oil to be found on the property, but it was crude and would need to be processed. mark this and return save and exit next submit

How does the author create a surprise ending? cite evidence from the text to support your answer.