How does jack London create a dramatic irony what does the reader know that buck does not know HELP NOW

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the development of trade during the middle age increased to the change given in the agriculture, which gave money, industry and markets a bigger importance in economy. the agriculture production was more than the consumption, which meant the creation of wider markets out of the areas. besides, with the end of multiple wars, the population increased and new trade routes were created.

what book are we talking about here