Which is more flexible , orthodoxy or dogma?

Read this passage from geoffrey lean’s “one poor harvest away from chaos”: on wednesday, the food and agriculture organisation (fao) reported that global food prices has hit a record high and were likely to go on rising. . that is bad enough for britain, adding to the inflationary pressures from the soaring cost of oil and other commodities, not to mention the vat increase. but for the world’s poor, who have to spend 80 percent of their income on food, it could be catastrophic. why is the passage an example of deductive reasoning? a. the author is appealing to the feelings and emotions of the audience b. the author starts with specifics, using them to probe a general point. c. the author is starting with a general topic and moving to more specific information d. the author is showing that he biased against poor people

The brother of a presidential candidate writes an editorial in which he defends this candidate against charges of corruption. in such a circumstance, it is most appropriate for the reader to a) suspect that the candidate may have been framed. b) consider whether the candidate has the best family or not. c) wonder if the writer may be biased, due to his family connection. d) wonder if the writer may be inaccurate, due to wanting to get people to read his column. \

The missionaries who appear in the novel are colonist britain, portugal, spain, or italy?