When is it necessary to follow a direct quotation with a parenthetical citation that includes the name of the source?

Which of the following root words means bad

Ihave only a christmas cards left to write. a. few b. fewer c. less d. little

The great depression, which lasted throughout the 1930s in the united states, affected many people, and it had a devastating impact on an entire subset of the u.s. population. modernist writer john steinbeck wrote about the toll the depression took on these families, many of whom were forced to leave their farms and find other sources of income.