Read this excerpt from "herd about the flu.”

the flu shot prevent huge numbers of infections. even when it doesn’t fully prevent infection in every person, the shot makes any flu infection less serious. on a global scale, the vaccine can reduce the number of infections only if most people in the community take it. that’s because vaccines need to reach enough people to achieve a "herd immunity,” the level of immunity needed to prevent the virus from spreading. if too few people get the vaccine, the people who receive it may not be well protected against infection.

so the next time you are at the drugstore, and you see no flu shots available, think about the reasons behind it. drug makers are scared to make too many flu shots because they could lose too much money. they then make fewer flu shots and the effect of the flu shots becomes weaker because not enough people take it. people become more reluctant to take the flu shot since they don’t think it will fully work. the demand goes down further and the flu companies make even fewer shots the next year.

this could continue until the community changes its mind and we all get the flu shot. "that is a community responsibility," says the president of merck, one of the two remaining flu vaccine manufacturers.

what is the main idea presented in this excerpt?

as fewer people get the flu virus, the flu shot becomes less and less useful.
as fewer people get the flu virus, the flu shot becomes more and more useful.
as fewer people get the flu shot, it becomes more effective, but as more people get it, the flu shot becomes less effective.
as fewer people get the flu shot, it becomes less effective, but as more people get it, the flu shot becomes more effective.

In this excerpt from "Herd about the Flu", the main idea presented is that As fewer people get the flu shot, it becomes less effective, but as more people get it, the flu shot becomes more effective. The president of Merck, one of the two remaining flu vaccine manufacturers, states that as fewer people get the flu shot, the weaker the effect of the vaccine.

As fewer people get the flu shot, it becomes less effective, but as more people get it, the flu shot becomes more effective.

Explanation:

According to the excerpt from "Herd about the Flu," the flu shot becomes more effective when most people in the community receive it and it achieves a "herd immunity," which prevents viruses from spreading.

On the other hand, since drug makers lose money after people are healthier, flu shots become less available, which makes people weaker to the virus.

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)