Which of the following is a verbal strategy in public speaking?
a. maintaining eye contact
b. varying the pitch of your voice
c. using gestures and facial expressions
d. using notes subtly

B. varying the pitch of your voice

Anything verbal refers to your voice, talking or sound. The only option that has anything to do with sound/talking is varying the pitch of your voice. The other options are nonverbal strategies because they do not involve the sound your voice makes. Maintaining eye contact, using gestures and facial expressions are all nonverbal strategies. Using notes subtly is also a nonverbal strategy to help the speaker make eye contact rather than read the speech of a piece of paper or prompter.

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)