Which statement most accurately describes this excerpt?

after a strenuous climb, the hikers decided to make camp before reaching the summit because night was approaching rapidly.

a. it contains one dependent clause
b. it contains one independent clause
c. it contains one independent clause and one dependent clause
d. it contains one independent clause and two dependent clauses

do you have options?

active voice: my father cut the tree.

passive voice: the tree was cut by my father.

active voice: people buy newspapers every day.

passive voice: newspapers are bought (by people) every day.

active voice: people have been using movies as political propaganda since world war ii.

passive voice: movies have been used as political propaganda since world war ii.

active voice: donna gave me my birthday present.

passive voice: i was given my birthday present (by donna). / my birthday present was given to me (by donna).

active voice: mom will leave the keys on the counter.

passive voice: the keys will be left (by mom) on the counter.

the words in parentheses are the agent of the passive voice and can be omitted when obvious, generic, or simply unnecessary.