What does the word penned mean in the way it is used in line 1?

Labode, roger. "ten best dog breeds." family. dec. 2002. pp 17-18. what is the word family? a. article title b. name of publication c. author's name d. publisher

Chapters 3–5 while reading, think about… author’s purpose/point of view symbolism communication between characters —ethan frome

Brainliest asap and 98 points! which word means partially dependent? semi means half in means not inter means between super means over