Read the excerpt from "digging." the cold smell of potato mould, the squelch and slap of soggy peat, the curt cuts of an edge through living roots awaken in my head. but i’ve no spade to follow men like them. which idea is typically associated with the word "spade”

Hard work.

Explanation:

The poem "Digging" by Seamus Heaney is part of the collection of works by the author in his "Death of a Naturalist". It is a no- nonsense poem but refers a great deal of affection and importance to the land.

Ireland in those times was dependent on the land for their livelihood. Fields and farms constitute a major part of their economy. This particular poem "Digging" is also replete with themes of work, ritual and the need to be rooted to one's beginnings. The poet as a young man, through this poem, shows that he is deeply close to his roots, working hard but still his home is never far from his thoughts. The description of the digging shows the hard work of the father, and also the hard work that it involves. The "spade" is typically associated with the image of hard work.

answer: from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, that this nation under god shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people

explanation: