Read the following line from edgar allan poe's "the raven". "quoth the raven, nevermore.'''
what effect does this repeated line have on the poem?
a) it adds to the speaker's sense of hopelessness.
b) it shows the speaker's feelings of guilt and anger.
c) the word "nevermore" express how unhappy the bird is.
d) it shows the relationship between the bird and the speaker.

A) It adds to the speaker's sense of hopelessness.

Throughout the poem, the speaker conveys a sense of hopelessness. The origin of this feeling is the fact that the speaker is mourning a woman he loved. However, the feeling is emphasized and increased by the repetitive and mysterious nature of the raven's words. The fact that the raven repeats the word "nevermore" many times shows that the speaker has no chance of learning anything about the afterlife, the fate of his beloved or the purpose of the raven's visit. Therefore, no matter how many questions he poses, he remains as hopeless as he was before.

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)