All of the following are effective organizational strategies for composing a speech except?
a.) arranging the not cards by topic
b.) arranging ideas in logical order
c.) using facts to support statements of opinion
d.) being spontaneous when delivering the introduction

D.) Being spontaneous when delivering the introduction.

Explanation:

Being spontaneous when delivering the introduction is not an effective organizational strategy for composing a speech. Being spontaneous can also be a risky strategy, as it can mean being unprepared or relying too much on charisma and not on information. While it is usually fine to add some level of creativity to the presentation, it is not advisable for it to be completely spontaneous.

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