Determine which empty words can be purged from the following sentence to make it more concise.

"unsubstantiated information is information that has not been validated."

a)“has not been”
b)no revision necessary
c)“is information that”

Find the center and the radius of the circle with the equation: x^-2x+y^2+4y+1=0

Iam for the "immediate, unconditional, and universal" enfranchisement of the black man, in ev [loud applause.] without this, his liberty is a mockery; without this, you might as well almost slavery for his condition; for in fact, if he is not the slave of the individual master, he is the slay liberty as a privilege, not as a right. he is at the mercy of the mob, and has no means of protec how does the repetition of the phrase "without this" support the paragraph's argument? it reinforces the idea that without equality in the us, the idea of a free society is a joke. it suggests that a free society is possible, with or without equal rights for all people. it indicates that douglass would be content without material possessions or status. it proposes that slavery will not be abolished in the us without the support of all citizens.

Read this excerpt from mohandas gandhi's "banaras hindu university speech." what is the speaker's purpose a. to persuade his audience to struggle for self-governance through peaceful means b. to urge wealthy indians to act instead of merely talk about poverty c. to inform the audience that the british colonial power is stealing indian resources d. to persuade his audience to renounce materialistic wealth and pursue spiritual wealth