Which prewriting technique a writer organize ideas?

In figure 4 of the telephone components what do the labels lettered a to e

Nature is a recurring theme in early american literature. what view of nature does phillis wheatley provide in "an hymn to the evening"

How can we make the world a better place, specifically towards discriminated people (lgbtq+ community, people of color, people with disabilities etc.) how can we make them change their view on people they call "different"? how can we get people to love one another despite how they look or who they love or where they are from? 2-3 paragraphs ! (ᵔᴥᵔ)