Identify the number of independent and subordinate clauses in the following group of words.
jean prepared for rain by packing an umbrella, but the sun ended up coming out
a.
one independent clause only
b.
one subordinate clause only
c.
two independent clauses
d.
one independent clause and one subordinate clause

The history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman, having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over her." in this sentence, the term "usurpations" carries the connotation a) indicative of intense debate. b) suggestive of violent injustice. c) suggestive of articulate slander. d) indicative of controlling retribution.