The lion has no natural predators.
the fierce but somewhat lazy lion has no natural predators.
which kind of phrase(s) was added to the first sentence to make the second sentence?
a. prepositional phrase
b. adverb phrase
c. adjective and adverb phrase
d. adjective phrase

to eliminate ambiguous remote or broad reference it is necessary to focus on anaphoric reference. by definition "anaphoric reference means that a word in a text refers back to other ideas in the text for its meaning." the references should be clear and leave no room for ambiguity.

in the first case the pronoun it probably refers to the car but it has not been mentioned before so we should replace it for the car. in doing so the statement becomes clear.

in sentence number   two   the pronoun he refers to charles dickens the author. yet, the first half of the sentence is about the book a tale of two cities. to repair this it would be better to rephrase the first half : after i read   a tale of two cities by dickens, he so as to remove the remote reference.

a: it is sound because it cites an expert’s opinion.