Imagine you’re writing an argumentative essay. What kinds of words, phrases, and constructs should you avoid so the validity of your defense of your claim is not diminished?

When you're writing an argumentative essay, it's important to get your point across without blatantly insulting the other side. You should use facts and figures to support your own argument, and point of the flaws of the other person's argument. You're always working to convince others that your point is the one that's right, so you should use words with a confident tone such as "effective" "certain" "accurate" and "always/never".

my best guess would be: d allusion

makes the most sense