1. What was meant by the "closing" of the Western frontier? A. the evacuation of many Western towns due to attacks from Native Americans
B. the failure of American railroad companies to establish cities and towns out west
C. the decision by the United States government to prevent additional settlement
D. the settlement of most of the land between the East and West Coasts

2. How does the point of view in Jack London's story "The Law of Life" reflect a characteristic of Naturalism?
A. The narrator is a man pitted against nature, and he knows he will lose.
B. The narrator knows what will happen to Koskoosh, but Koskoosh does not.
C. The narrator is Koskoosh's son, who has seen death many times but fears losing his father.
D. The narrator knows (and reveals to readers) that Koskoosh will be rescued by his people.