On paragraph ten Paulsen says, “Even when I was called to car accidents and saw children I knew were dead, I would keep working on them because I could not bring myself to accept their death—the hope would not allow it.” What does hope mean to you?

The children's life ment something and were important to someone. The hope is that their lives mattered and still do. Someone cared and cares about their life.

since it is asking for her reaction to elnora's trouble at school you can rule out any answers with a positive response (b). then you can rule out (d), this is because it does not show the mother's reaction but the daughter's response. that leaves you with two options (a) and (c), by looking at the options you can rule out (c) because it isn't referring back to elnora's issues at school.

innocence can be defined as the lack of sin, relating it with the lack of guilt, also it can be a synonime of naivety. most people agree that sins are made out of experiences, intentionally or not, as well as you stop being naive once certain things happen to you throughout your life. so, with this explained, the chosen answers are:

when the boy saw the effects of war, he no longer viewed life as innocent.

the loss of innocence is a result of gaining experience and making mistakes.

one way to define innocence is as a lack of worldly experience or sophistication.