Which central idea does this excerpt support? Read this excerpt from The Great Fire.
Most stood by watching the yellow-orange flames
leaping from roof to roof and listening to the horrible
crackle pop of dry pine being consumed. Fires were
extremely common back then and thought to be as
exciting and dramatic as a night at the theater.
O Many mistakes contributed to the spread of the fire
and prevented it from being put out.
O The fire spread because the firefighters were not
equipped to handle such a massive blaze.
O Many residents aided the firefighters by carrying
furniture and helping their neighbors escape.
O Residents were used to fires and did not think that
this one was different from any others.

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)

assuming the underlined word is "regnant", the correct answer is b) ruling.