How is the notion of community in Europe, or the Old World, different from this idea of communal voluntarism?

In the Old World, communities were more commonly imposed

on individuals, and constraining. Traditionally, one was born into

a clan, ethnicity, church, village, or nation and pretty much locked

into it. In the New World, with the noted exception of Indians and

slaves, membership became a matter of free choice and voluntary

commitment.

Explanation:

I think this is the answer

c) by giving an example of how mary beth tinker did, in fact, disrupt her mathematics class

explanation:

petitioner john f. tinker, 15 years of age, and solicitor christopher eckhardt, 16 years of age, went to secondary schools in des moines, iowa.

1- cleans/ tidies up

2- were

3-would be

4- had known

5-takes

6-must be/ have to be/should be