What is the meaning behind the allegory of the cave?

The allegory contains many forms of symbolism used to instruct the reader in the nature of perception. The cave represents superficial physical reality. It also represents ignorance, as those in the cave live accepting what they see at face value.

an great real life example for the lottery principle is the real life lottery itself. it adheres to the lottery principle so much it's even called lottery. you apply for the lottery in the manner of getting a ticket and if you are lucky, the goods are distributed to you, in this case, the huge amounts of money. there are other real life example but this is the best one.