What is a ridicule in english?

Read the sentence. someone sang a solo during the holiday concert. the best reason to revise this sentence using the passive voice is that

Now that you have been exposed to the four major sociological perspectives and in keeping with the concept of getting to know each other; this discussion question will ask for your general opinion as to which one of the four sociological perspectives make the most sense to you. (1. functionalist perspective 2. conflict perspective 3. symbolic interactionist perspective 4. postmodern perspective) in other words which one of the four perspectives do you believe best explains why people do the things they do in our society? which one of the four perspectives best explains why you believe the things you do, and why you act the way that you do?

What sound device is used in the following excerpt from how the animals lost their tails and got them back traveling from philadelphia to medicine hat by carl sandburg