Item 4 Question 1
Part A

What is the author's viewpoint in "These Crows Almost Died Out Before Scientists Discovered They Use Tools"?

The way that crows and humans use tools is very similar.

The discovery of an animal that uses tools is an important event.

Of the animals that use tools, crows are most skilled.

Rutz may have found additional bird species that use tools if he had expanded his study.
Question 2
Part B

How is the viewpoint in Part A conveyed in the text?

by explaining that studying tool use in animals could lead to finding a connection to tool use in humans

by stating that Rutz was reluctant to search for bird species in remote areas because of the risk

by comparing crows' behaviors with tools to behaviors in other tool-using species

by describing how both crows and young children are naturally curious at birth