Read the following excerpt from “the laws of nature and humanity” in biology for the middle school: for 5th grade girls by marie harm and hermann wiehle.

these natural laws are incontrovertible; . . those who resist them will be wiped out. biology not only tells us about animals and plants, but also shows us the laws we must follow in our lives, and steels our wills to live and fight according to these laws. the meaning of all life is struggle.

the excerpt above is an example of a false dilemma. which of the following choices explains the logical fallacy in this excerpt, as well as the reason it fails to prove its point?

a.

the excerpt is an example of a testimonial not a false dilemma. it fails to persuade the audience to buy more animals and plants to ensure survival.
b.

the excerpt is an example of a false dilemma because it tries to say that humans survive because they behave differently than animals and plants. the argument does prove this point.
c.

the excerpt is an example of a false dilemma because it states that humans function exactly like animals and plants. by drawing this comparison, it fails to acknowledge the many factors that affect and alter the life course of animals, plants, and humans.
d.

the excerpt contains no logical fallacies but uses true statements to persuade the audience of life’s common struggle.

C. The excerpt is an example of a false dilemma because it states that humans function exactly like animals and plants. By drawing this comparison, it fails to acknowledge the many factors that affect and alter the life course of animals, plants, and humans.

Explanation:

In this excerpt, the author tells us that natural laws indicate what humans are meant to do in the world. He tells us that these laws not only tell us how animals and plants work, but also how humans should lead their lives. Moreover, he tells us that these laws are incontrovertible. However, the author fails to take into account the fact that human lives are extremely complex, and that many factors can influence the course of their life.

the legal limit for the drivers who can drive after consuming any amount of alcohol is 21 years.

explanation:

on november 1, 1996, a "zero tolerance law" was put into effect in the new york state.

according to this zero tolerance law, for people under the age of 21 years, it was illegal to purchase and possess alcohol or to drive after consuming any amount of it.

also, the alcohol involvement rate for the drivers under the age of 21 was roughly twice that of elderly drivers.

anyone who was dealing with communism in soviet union in his time had an ideal picture of equality, freedom, the struggle of the working class for a better future, the success of the aristocracy's overthrow and the emancipation of subjugation.   however, anyone who would go to soviet union to see the functioning of the communist system, would be convinced that it was about sad people, about everyday bad life, about the brutal attitude of communist leaders, about ill obsession to completely exterminate every thought on aristocracy. thus, orwell wanted to show all the absurdity, the brutality of the system, the unbearable rule of suspicious morality, the ignorant people who try to play professionally.

the answers are: b. and e.