Agroup of words that has a subject and predicate that can stand alone as a sentence is called
a) an absolute phrase
b) a practical phrase
c) a dependent clause
d) an independent clause

A group of words that has a subject and predicate that can stand alone as a sentence is called D. an independent clause.
Phrases don't have predicates, a dependent clause cannot stand alone as a sentence.

A, to visit her father at his army camp