1. to criticize harshly

catapult
bulwark
castigate
callous

Excerpt from creative cuisine marie devers 1levi grated lemon zest into the whipped cream cheese and jabbed his pinky in the sweet icing for a sample. he suspected his latest creation required powdered sugar, so he located the canister and sprinkled raw sugar into his concoction. his second taste test revealed that his lemon cream pies were developing perfectly. the recipe had appeared in a simpler form on a teen cooking web site, but levi contemplated the recipe for days before attempting it. when he was satisfied that he could make it unique with final touches like lemon zest, he proceeded to the kitchen. one important character trait which levi to compete well is revealed in the first paragraph. it is that a) he is often fearful. b) he thinks before he acts. c) he tends to be suspicious. d) he is good at finding hidden things.

What words or phrases you to recognize the historical context of the line 7

This is the political, social, cultural, and economic 'time and place' surrounding the creation of a literary text.