Read the excerpt: "Teenage caffeine consumption, once limited to sodas and hot chocolate, now has nearly become the norm in the Bay Area and nationally. Though no statistics exist to chart teenage coffee drinkers--the National Coffee Association polls only consumers 18 and older-a drive past any coffeehouse near a high school would show that it's replaced the iconic malt shop of the 50s or 7-Eleven of the 70s as a place to socialize." What is the central idea of the above excerpt?
O Teens no longer hang out at malt shops or 7 Elevens to socialize.
O Teens are drinking more caffeine now than during the 50s to the 70s
O Teens don't realize the amount of hidden caffeine they are consuming. O Teens today are becoming more addicted to coffee both nationally and in the Bay area.

The “big dig” the “big dig” (the central artery/tunnel project) has been complex and challenging. located in boston, massachusetts, this tunnel is eight lanes wide and three-and-a-half miles long. what is most amazing about this tunnel is that it is constructed under a major highway and skyscrapers located in boston’s financial district. construction crews used “clamshell excavators” during this dig. these machines carved narrow trenches, and then a special substance was pumped into the trench to keep the dirt from caving in. finally, steel beams were lowered into the trench and concrete was pumped in. one problem that engineers faced while constructing the tunnel is the fact that the soil beneath boston is extremely loose and soggy. engineers solved this dilemma by freezing the soil and pumping very cold water into pipes beneath the city. to strengthen the soil even further, a special type of glue was injected into the ground to with the consolidation of the soil. 23 which phrase best defines the word excavator as used in the passage? a. a device used to measure underground temperatures b. a device used to level uneven surfaces c. a device used to move heavy objects d. a device used to dig holes