Read the passage. (1) Standardized testing in education is clearly the most effective way to assess a wide range of students to gauge their progress. (2) Many have feared that using these tests will take away from true academic growth and creative thought. (3) This, quite simply, is not the case. (4) Standardized testing is a reliable and objective way to measure student achievement, and many tests actually encourage innovative thinking. (5) One long-term analysis of standardized testing found that over 90 percent of studies done on this type of assessment showed a positive effect on student achievement. (6) This fact alone is enough to calm the fears and anxieties of standardized-testing opponents. Which sentence is a counterclaim? sentence 2 sentence 4 sentence 5 sentence 6

Read the excerpt from the land. in the late afternoon i did the same, but all the time i was on the stallion, i was aware that mitchell was watching me. he had appeared on the edge of the woods and had just stood there watching ghost wind and me as we went round and round the meadow. finally, on one of our turns past him, he said: "s'pose you thinkin' you a real somebody 'cause you can ride that stallion." i looked down at mitchell and stopped, knowing that despite our understanding, he was itching for a fight with me. now, i don't know what possessed me in that moment to say the next thing i did. maybe i was feeling guilty that because i was my daddy's son, i could ride ghost wind. maybe it was that, but it wasn't out of fear i said what i said. i no longer was afraid of mitchell. "you want to ride him? " i asked. mitchell took a step backward. it was obvious he hadn't expected me to say that. "you know i can't ride him," he said. "your white daddy'd kill me." "you want to ride him? " i asked again. mitchell looked at the stallion, then at me. "so, what if i do? " what intrinsic motivation does the author most likely intend the reader to infer from the passage? paul is motivated by his need to have mitchell praise his riding skills. mitchell is motivated by his need to have paul praise his riding skills. paul is motivated by jealousy and wishes he had free time like mitchell. mitchell is motivated by jealousy and wishes he could ride the horse.