What punctuation or abbreviations are used regularly in an in-text citation? author's initials p. for page comma between author and page none of these

None of these.

Explanation:

In an in-text citation for any academic or research writing, it is pertinent to follow the rules and regulations laid out. And such rules were made by numerous organizations/ associations, among which is the commonly accepted and used style Modern Language Association (MLA) Style.

An in-text citation means the inclusion of any text from a primary source. This inclusion or 'quotation' of the source should be done in such a way that it clearly gives credit to the original author from which the source or quote has been taken. As such, some rules regarding in-text citations are that the author's last name will come first, then followed by the first names and so on. Also, there should be a comma between the names, for example, Wright, Robin S.

Then, there is the issue of having more than one author. So, when there are more than three authors, the word "et al". And page numbers for any direct quotations must have the format of the writer's last name and followed by the page number. Example, Wright 235.[For MLA style]

Thus, the correct answer is none of the above given options.

the turtle carries new life, oat seeds, over to the other side of the highway and plants them there.

- "a nonrestrictive clause functions as a modifier to a noun (that is an object, person or concept). these clauses can be described by the following three options: it is set off by comas, it contains a subject and a verbs and it adds nonessential information to the sentence.

for example, in "here is bill gates, who confounded microsoft software company" we can identify "who confounded microsoft software company" as a nonrestrictive clause modifying the noun bill gates. this clause can be describes as a nonrestrictive clause because it is separated by a comma, it adds nonessential information to identify who bill gates is and it must contain both a subject (who) and a verb (confounded)."