What is the method of reasoning that involves using specific facts to form a conclusion?

You need to start an experiment and the instructions are to mix 2 g of sodium bicarbonate with 50 ml of distilled water and then mix the solution. describe what lab apparatus you would use and what safety precautions you must observe when completing this experiment.

Read the excerpt from act 3, scene 1, of julius caesar. servant. thus, brutus, did my master bid me kneel. thus did mark antony bid me fall down, and, being prostrate, thus he bade me say. "brutus is noble, wise, valiant, and honest. caesar was mighty, bold, royal, and loving. say i love brutus, and i honour him. say i feared caesar, honoured him, and loved him. if brutus will vouchsafe that antony may safely come to him and be resolved how caesar hath deserved to lie in death, mark antony shall not love caesar dead so well as brutus living, but will follow the fortunes and affairs of noble brutus thorough the hazards of this untrod state with all true faith.” so says my master antony

What is meant by “eternally burning black pipes”? what is this implying about the personality of the firemen?