Need tons of help with this.

Read the passage below and answer the question. marcus had a reputation for being craven. no one had ever seen him do a single brave thing. using context clues, how would you define the word craven in the passage? intense courageous cowardly thoughtful

Which statement best summarizes this excerpt from leo tolstoy's the death of ivan ilyich? and in imagination he began to recall the best moments of his pleasant life. but strange to say none of those best moments of his pleasant life now seemed at all what they had then seemed—none of them except the first recollections of childhood. there, in childhood, there had been something really pleasant with which it would be possible to live if it could return. but the child who had experienced that happiness existed no longer, it was like a reminiscence of somebody else.

What type of persuasive appeal seeks to show that an argument is correct or valid