Which in-text citation is formatted correctly in MLA style?

Homer writes that the men’s oars “sent the white foam scuddling by” (38).
Homer writes “that the men’s oars sent the white foam scuddling by” (38)
Homer writes “that the men’s oars sent the white foam scuddling by,” (38).
Homer writes that the men’s oars “sent the white foam scuddling by.” (38)

How does the narrator’s knowledge of his postapocalyptic world in "by the waters of babylon” affect his reactions to the different settings? it motivates him to make up stories about the world and the places he explores. it has caused him to fear the settings outside the hill country, so he tries to avoid them. it forces him to reject what he sees and experiences himself at various locations in the story. it makes him cautious about new settings yet open-minded and critical of what he experiences.

What effect is created by the plaque posted on the gate at the entrance to the family's home in nadine gordimer's "once upon a time"? the words written on the plaque offer readers a foreshadowing of the story's outcome without revealing the actual conclusion, the author's use of flashback allows readers to understand what is at the heart of the issues of encroachment in the suburban neighborhood the repetition of the words written on the plaque presents an oxymoron because readers already sense that the plaque has been ineffective in warding off intruders. the author introduces a paradox in which readers are presented with a warning notice when no actual infraction has taken place.

How can you paraphrase this, this is about golden age fallacies.these are all rational people who know that older is not necessarily better, but many are taken in by this fallacy and seem no longer able to reason with any degree of reliability