What conclusion can be drawn about how Mars became known as the "Red
Planet"?

Mars is often called the 'Red Planet' because it appears in the sky as an orange-red star. The colour caused the ancient Greeks and Romans to name it after their god of war. Today, thanks to visiting spacecraft, we know that the planet's appearance is due to rust in the Martian rocks

It's either the first one or last one, since they both seem really similar to the fact of mars having a red surface color.

Your whole passage isn’t available but Mars came to be known as the red planet because when observed/viewed by the naked eye and even some telescopes it looks like a red/orange star in the night sky.

Explanation:

The real reason it is “red” looking is due to rust on Martian rocks.

the answer is most likely c. it shows us that the rules that the pigs make can change on a whim whenever it suits the pigs purpose.

hope this