Read this excerpt from The Riddle of the Rosetta Stone by James Cross Giblin.

Once they had mastered the three kinds of Egyptian writing, nineteenth-century scholars had the key to more than three thousand years of Egyptian history. Within a few decades, they compiled an accurate list of all the pharaohs who had ruled Egypt, from Narmer in 3000 B. C. to Cleopatra VII in 30 B. C. They discovered long-lost masterpieces of ancient Egyptian literature. And, by reading bills of sale, shop inventories, and personal letters, they reconstructed what daily life in ancient Egypt was like for everyone from a slave to a king.

Which best represents a cause-and-effect relationship from the excerpt?

Nineteenth-century scholars went through documents covering more than three thousand years of Egyptian history. As a result, they learned about the three types of Egyptian writing.
Nineteenth-century scholars learned the three types of Egyptian writing. As a result, they were able to read ancient Egyptian documents and learn about life in ancient Egypt.
Nineteenth-century scholars discovered long-lost Egyptian masterpieces. As a result, they were able to read about the life of Cleopatra.
Ancient Egyptians kept written documents of all aspects of their lives. As a result, nineteenth-century scholars were able to compare their culture to that of the ancient Egyptians.